Compare MOQ as an allocation rule, not a single number. Confirm whether the minimum applies per product, color, size, customization, or carton; then compare the trial-order risk, unit cost, leftover variants, and realistic reorder timing.
MOQ answers “minimum of what?”
A low minimum sounds simple until one supplier means 50 mixed units and another means 50 units per color. Always attach the minimum to an exact product, specification, and variant allocation.
Separate five different minimums
| Minimum | Example | Risk if missed |
|---|---|---|
| Per product | 100 units of style H21 | Mixing unrelated styles may not be allowed |
| Per color | 50 black and 50 navy | A slow color creates excess stock |
| Per size | 10 units for each selected size | The size curve may not match demand |
| Per customization | 300 units for a printed label | Branding changes the production minimum |
| Per carton | 24 units packed together | Order totals must fit packing multiples |
Compare a trial order with a reorder
A trial can test demand, sizing, communication, packing, and delivery assumptions. It should not be described as proof that every later batch will match. Ask for one quote at the realistic trial quantity and another at the likely reorder quantity so the price curve is visible.
Check what “factory direct” changes
Buying directly from a factory may remove one intermediary, but it can also mean higher production minimums, a narrower range, or less support for mixed variants. Whether the contact is a manufacturer, trading company, sourcing service, or reseller, ask which work is performed directly and which is subcontracted.
Calculate exposure, not only unit price
For any bulk order, multiply the landed unit estimate by every unit you must accept, then add samples, setup, labels, packing, inspection, freight, duties, and expected unsold variants. The lowest unit price can create the highest cash and inventory exposure.
Balanced trial
120 units across three proven colors, a documented size curve, standard packing, and a reorder threshold based on actual sales.
Cheap but exposed
600 units chosen only to reach the lowest tier, with untested colors, unclear size allocation, and no landed-cost estimate.
Record the negotiation cleanly
Keep the original minimum, requested exception, final allocation, surcharge, lead time, quote validity, and responsible contact together. Then use the inquiry guide to ask clearly and the shipping guide to test whether the minimum still makes economic sense.
